What does a Papanicolaou (Pap) test primarily detect?

A Papanicolaou test, commonly referred to as a Pap test, is primarily utilized to detect abnormal cells in the cervix and vagina. The primary goal of this screening is to identify changes that could lead to cervical cancer if not monitored or treated. The test involves collecting cells from the cervix and examining them under a microscope for any signs of abnormalities or precancerous changes. This early detection is crucial in managing and preventing cervical cancer, which can often develop silently without noticeable symptoms in its early stages.

While concerns such as pregnancy-related abnormalities, urinary tract infections, or breast cancers are important in women's health, they fall outside the scope of what a Pap test is intended to identify. Therefore, the focus of the Pap test on cervical and vaginal cell abnormalities makes it a vital component of preventive healthcare for women.